Assay Details

Staphylococcal superantigens (sAgs)  bind to human class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on antigen-presenting cells and certain subsets of T cell receptor on T lymphocytes. This cross-linking results in massive stimulation of lymphocytes triggering the release of multiple cytokines.

Neutralization of toxin can be measured in vitro by monitoring the reduction in sAg induced interferon-gamma production. These toxin neutralization assays have been established for Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C and TSST-1.

Fig. 1 Survival after challenge with INFV H1N1 A/Pert/261/2009 (Tamiflu-resistant strain). Inoculum 1xLD90=1.0E+05 PFU/mouse
Survival after challenge with INFV H1N1 A/Pert/261/2009 (Tamiflu-resistant strain) 1.0E+05 PFU/mouse
Survival and weight change in BALB/c mice challenged with INFV A/ Texas/36/91 (H1N1) and treated with antiviral Osletamivir Phosphate (Tamiflu)
Lung viral load and Survival (30 % weight loss cut-off) in BALB/c mice challenged with INFV H3N2 A/HK/1/68.